How to Inspect a Used Firearm Before Buying
Woody's answers are based on published federal and state law. Not legal advice. Consult a licensed attorney for your specific situation.
Inspect the bore, action cycling, headspace indicators, and wear patterns. Check for cracks, corrosion, and proper function of all moving parts before purchase.
How This Affects Longevity
Buying a used firearm requires systematic inspection to identify potential safety issues and costly repairs. A thorough inspection can reveal hidden problems that affect reliability, accuracy, and safety. Understanding what to look for protects you from purchasing a firearm with expensive mechanical issues or safety hazards.
The Detail
Start with the bore inspection using a flashlight or bore light. Look down the barrel from both ends to check for pitting, corrosion, or unusual wear patterns. The rifling should appear sharp and well-defined, not worn smooth or pitted. Dark spots or ring-like marks can indicate serious problems that affect accuracy and safety.
Examine the action by cycling it slowly and deliberately. The bolt or slide should move smoothly without binding, excessive play, or rough spots. Check that the safety functions properly and that the trigger has appropriate weight and clean break. Listen for unusual sounds like grinding or scraping during operation.
Inspect the exterior for cracks, especially around high-stress areas like the barrel extension, receiver rails, and locking surfaces. Look for signs of improper maintenance like heavy corrosion, amateur modifications, or evidence of accidents. Check the crown of the muzzle for dings or damage that could affect accuracy.
For rifles and shotguns, examine the stock for cracks or repairs, particularly where it meets the receiver. Check that all screws are properly tightened and that nothing feels loose or rattles when you handle the firearm. Verify that any optics mounts or accessories are properly installed and not covering up damage.
Build Impact
A thorough inspection helps you avoid purchasing a firearm that needs immediate expensive repairs or poses safety risks. Identifying issues beforehand gives you negotiating power on price or lets you walk away from problem firearms that could cost more than buying new.